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Kupala Night
Kupala Night, also known as Ivan Kupala Day (''Feast of St. John the Baptist''; (ロシア語:Иван-Купала); (ベラルーシ語:Купалле); (ウクライナ語:Іван Купала); (ポーランド語:Noc Kupały)), is celebrated in Ukraine, Belarus, Baltic countries and Russia currently on the night of 6/7 July in the Gregorian or New Style calendar, which is 23/24 June in the Julian or Old Style calendar still used by many Orthodox Churches. In Poland (Mazowsze and Podlasie) it is celebrated on the night of 23/24 June. Calendar-wise, it is opposite to the winter holiday Koliada. The celebration relates to the summer solstice when nights are the shortest and includes a number of Slavic rituals.〔()〕
==History==
Some early mythology scholars, such as Sir James Frazer, claimed that the holiday was originally Kupala; a pagan fertility rite later accepted into the Orthodox Christian calendar. There are analogues for celebrating the legacy of St. John around the time of the summer solstice elsewhere, including St. John's Day in Western Europe.
The Ukrainian, Belarusian and Russian name of this holiday combines "Ivan" (John — the Baptist) and ''Kupala'' which is related to a word derived from the Slavic word for bathing, which is cognate. The latter is reinterpreted as John's baptizing people through full immersion in water (therefore his biblical title of ''the Baptist''). However, the tradition of Kupala predates Christianity. Due to the popularity of the pagan celebration, with time it was simply accepted and reestablished as one of the native Christian traditions intertwined with local folklore.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=/culture_art/traditions )〕
The holiday is still enthusiastically celebrated by the younger people of Eastern Europe. The night preceding the holiday (''Tvorila night'') is considered the night for "good humour" mischiefs (which sometimes would raise the concern of law enforcement agencies). On Ivan Kupala day itself, children engage in water fights and perform pranks, mostly involving pouring water over someone.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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